"Hunting large animals is not an afternoon hobby," says Dr. The evolution of the HTL during the Pleistocene as we interpret it, based on the totality of the evidence. For example, geneticists have concluded that "areas of the human genome were closed off to enable a fat-rich diet, while in chimpanzees, areas of the genome were opened to enable a sugar-rich diet." Significant evidence for the evolution of humans as predators has also been found in our genome. In the bodies of omnivores, fat is stored in a relatively small number of large fat cells, while in predators, including humans, it's the other way around: we have a much larger number of smaller fat cells. Another indication of being predators is the structure of the fat cells in our bodies. Strong acidity provides protection from harmful bacteria found in meat, and prehistoric humans, hunting large animals whose meat sufficed for days or even weeks, often consumed old meat containing large quantities of bacteria, and thus needed to maintain a high level of acidity. Producing and maintaining strong acidity require large amounts of energy, and its existence is evidence for consuming animal products. "The acidity in our stomach is high when compared to omnivores and even to other predators. "One prominent example is the acidity of the human stomach," says Dr. ![]() Ben-Dor and his colleagues collected about 25 lines of evidence from about 400 scientific papers from different scientific disciplines, dealing with the focal question: Were stone-age humans specialized carnivores or were they generalist omnivores? Most evidence was found in research on current biology, namely genetics, metabolism, physiology and morphology. In a process unprecedented in its extent, Dr. Human behavior changes rapidly, but evolution is slow. ![]() We decided to use other methods to reconstruct the diet of stone-age humans: to examine the memory preserved in our own bodies, our metabolism, genetics and physical build. The entire ecosystem has changed, and conditions cannot be compared. "This comparison is futile, however, because two million years ago hunter-gatherer societies could hunt and consume elephants and other large animals-while today's hunter gatherers do not have access to such bounty. "So far, attempts to reconstruct the diet of stone-age humans were mostly based on comparisons to 20th century hunter-gatherer societies," explains Dr.
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